I have been reading in the new updated NIV more and more recently. I have enjoyed the change from the ESV, since I have been reading that for about 10 years now. There is much about the ease of reading the NIV that it is to be commended for. I appreciate their translation objectives and goals and all the much more since recently reading Fee and Stauss’ How to Choose a Translation for All it’s Worth. However, there are still places in which a translation agenda seems to bleed through. This is certainly only perceived since I don’t know any of these people personally nor any motivations, but when I consider the translation of 1 Timothy 2:12 it leaves me scratching my head.
The ESV translated 1 Timothy 2:12 as,
“I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet.”
The NIV 2011 translates 1 Timothy 2:12 as,
“I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man, she must be quiet.”
Now at first glance the translations appear to be strikingly similar. However, under closer examination you can see where the ESV translated the Greek word αὐθεντεῖν as “exercise authority” and the NIV translates this word as “assume authority.” These two phrases are not even close to one another. One of the complications in translating this word is that it is only used here in the New Testament, meaning, there are no other texts to compare it to.
Upon investigating some more into the meaning of αὐθεντέω I am more and more convinced that the ESV has it right and the NIV is wrong. Throughout early Christian literature the word is understood to mean “give orders to” or “dictate to” (BDAG, 150). Other sources say it has the understanding of “rule” (EDNT), “control” (Dictionary of Biblical Languages), and “domineer” (Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament). Nothing I looked at gave any impression that it meant anything close to “assume authority.”
There are some others out there that have written on this and I would encourage you to look at them. According to Jim Hamilton, Denny Burk’s post is worthy of attention. He provides a great chart that gives the NIV translations of 1 Timothy 2:12 through the revisions of the NIV. Doug Moo (one of the translators of the NIV) even chimes in with a comment.